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Nitrogen budget and relationships with riverine nitrogen exports of a dairy cattle farming catchment in eastern Hokkaido, Japan

机译：日本北海道东部奶牛养殖场的氮预算及其与河流氮出口的关系

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Dairy farming regions are important contributors of nitrogen (N) to surface waters. We evaluated the N budget and relationships to riverine N exports within the Shibetsu River catchment (SRC) of a dairy farming area in eastern Hokkaido, Japan. Five drainage basins with variable land cover proportions within the SRC were also evaluated individually. We quantified the net N input (NNI) to the catchment from the difference between the input (atmospheric deposition, chemical fertilizers, N fixation by crops and imported food and feed) and the output (exported food and feed, ΔSliv and ΔShu, that are the differences between input and output in livestock and human biomass, respectively) using statistical and measured data. Volatilized ammonia (NH3) was assumed to be recycled within the catchment. The riverine export of N was quantified. Agricultural N was a dominant source of N to the SRC. Imported feed was the largest input (38.1 kg N ha^[-1] yr^[-1]), accounting for 44% of the total inputs, followed by chemical fertilizers (32.4 kg N ha^[-1] yr^[-1]) and N fixation by crops (13.4 kg N ha^[-1] yr^[-1]). The exported food and feed was 24.7 kg N ha^[-1] yr^[-1], and the ΔSliv and ΔShu was 7.6 and 0.0 kg N ha^[-1] yr^[-1], respectively. As a result, the NNI amounted to 54.6 kg N ha^[-1] yr^[-1]. The riverine export of TN from the five drainage basins correlated well with the NNI, accounting for 27% of the NNI. The fate of the missing NNI that was not measured as riverine export could possibly have been denitrified and/or retained within the SRC. A change in the estimate of the deposition-rate of volatilized NH3 from 100 to 0% redeposited would have decreased NNI by 37%, although we show that most NH3 was likely redeposited. This study demonstrated that the focus should be on controlling agricultural N to reduce the impact of environmental pollution as well as on evaluating denitrification, N stocks in soil and the fate of NH3 volatilization in the SRC.
机译：奶牛养殖区是地表水中氮（N）的重要贡献者。我们评估了日本北海道东部奶牛养殖区的Shitsutsu River流域（SRC）内的N预算及其与河流N出口的关系。还分别评估了SRC内五个具有不同土地覆盖率的流域。我们根据投入量（大气沉降，化肥，农作物固氮和进口食品和饲料的固氮）与产量（出口食品和饲料的ΔSliv和ΔShu）之间的差来量化流域的净氮输入（NNI）。分别使用统计数据和实测数据来分析牲畜和人类生物质的投入和产出之间的差异挥发的氨（NH 3）被假定在流域内再循环。定量分析了河流的氮出口。农业氮素是SRC氮素的主要来源。进口的饲料最大（38.1 kg N ha ^ [-1] yr ^ [-1]），占总投入的44％，其次是化肥（32.4 kg N ha ^ [-1] yr ^ [-1] yr [[]）。 -1]）和农作物对氮的固定（13.4 kg N ha ^ [-1] yr ^ [-1]）。出口的食物和饲料为24.7千克N ha ^ [-1] yr ^ [-1]，ΔSliv和ΔShu分别为7.6和0.0千克N ha ^ [-1] yr ^ [-1]。结果，NNI为54.6kg N ha ^ [-1] yr ^ [-1]。来自五个流域的TN的河流出口与NNI的相关性很好，占NNI的27％。缺少的NNI的命运可能无法被反硝化和/或保留在SRC内，而这种命运没有被视为河流出口。将挥发的NH3的沉积速率估算值从100降低到0％，将使NNI降低37％，尽管我们表明大多数NH3都可能重新沉积。这项研究表明，重点应放在控制农业氮素以减少环境污染的影响上，以及评估反硝化作用，土壤中的氮素储量和SRC中NH3挥发的命运。

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